PopulationTracker

Estonia population

Current population of Estonia

1,360,013

Live estimate, extrapolated from the latest official figures

Births today
5
Deaths today
8
Change today (UTC)
−3
World rank
158th of 218
0.02% of world population
Population
1,366,475
2025 estimate
Annual growth
−0.43%
2025
Density
32 /km²
2023
Land area
42,730 km²
Urban population
71%
2025
Median age
42.8 yrs
2025 (UN WPP)
Fertility rate
1.18
births per woman, 2024
Life expectancy
79.3 yrs
2024
Net migration
−13,350
2025
Capital
Tallinn
Region
Europe & Central Asia

Population of Estonia: overview

Estonia is home to 1,366,475 people (2025 estimate), ranking 158th in the world by population. Estonia is part of the Europe & Central Asia region and its capital is Tallinn.

The population is shrinking, declining at 0.43% per year — Estonia belongs to the growing group of countries whose populations have begun to fall. That translates to a loss of roughly 5,866 people over the past year. Net emigration — about 13,350 people in 2025 — compounds the decline.

The country is sparsely settled, with only about 32 people per km², spread across 42,730 km² of land. Most residents — 71% — live in urban areas.

The population is maturing, with a median age of 42.8 years. At 1.18 children per woman, fertility is among the lowest recorded anywhere. Life expectancy at birth is 79.3 years (2024).

UN projections point downward: 1.17 million people by 2050, 14% fewer than today. The 2030 projection is 1,302,772.

Estonia population, 1960–2025 and projections

0400K800K1.2M1.6M19601980200020202040projected2025: 1.37M1960: 1,211,5371961: 1,225,0771962: 1,241,6231963: 1,258,8571964: 1,277,0861965: 1,294,5661966: 1,308,5971967: 1,318,9461968: 1,331,2141969: 1,345,2491970: 1,360,0761971: 1,376,9551972: 1,392,5181973: 1,405,9511974: 1,418,1691975: 1,429,3521976: 1,439,5761977: 1,450,2111978: 1,460,1881979: 1,468,3331980: 1,477,2191981: 1,487,6661982: 1,498,4141983: 1,508,7451984: 1,518,6171985: 1,528,7811986: 1,540,1901987: 1,552,2211988: 1,561,9001989: 1,568,1311990: 1,569,1741991: 1,561,3141992: 1,533,0911993: 1,494,1281994: 1,462,5141995: 1,436,6341996: 1,415,5941997: 1,399,5351998: 1,386,1561999: 1,390,2442000: 1,396,9852001: 1,388,1152002: 1,379,3502003: 1,370,7202004: 1,362,5502005: 1,354,7752006: 1,346,8102007: 1,340,6802008: 1,337,0902009: 1,334,5152010: 1,331,4752011: 1,327,4392012: 1,322,6962013: 1,317,9972014: 1,314,5452015: 1,315,4072016: 1,315,7902017: 1,317,3842018: 1,321,9772019: 1,326,8982020: 1,329,5222021: 1,330,9322022: 1,348,8402023: 1,370,2862024: 1,372,3412025: 1,366,4752030: 1,302,7722050: 1,174,267
Population of Estonia by year
YearPopulationGrowth rateAnnual change
20251,366,475−0.43%−5,866
20241,372,341+0.15%+2,055
20231,370,286+1.58%+21,446
20221,348,840+1.34%+17,908
20211,330,932+0.11%+1,410
20201,329,522+0.20%+2,624
20191,326,898+0.37%+4,921
20181,321,977+0.35%+4,593
20171,317,384+0.12%+1,594
20161,315,790+0.03%+383
20151,315,407+0.07%+862
20141,314,545−0.26%−3,452
20101,331,475−0.23%−3,040
20051,354,775−0.57%−7,775
20001,396,985+0.48%+6,741
19951,436,634−1.79%−25,880
19901,569,174+0.07%+1,043
19851,528,781+0.67%+10,164
19801,477,219+0.60%+8,886
19751,429,352+0.79%+11,183
19701,360,076+1.10%+14,827
19651,294,566+1.36%+17,480
19601,211,537––

Recent years annually, earlier years at five-year steps. Annual change compares against the immediately preceding year.

Estonia population forecast

United Nations World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant.

Projected population of Estonia
YearProjected populationvs today
20301,302,772−4.7%
20501,174,267−14.1%

Estonia population pyramid (2025)

Age and sex structure from UN World Population Prospects 2024: 15.3% of Estonia's population is under 15, 62.9% is of working age (15–64), and 21.8% is 65 or older. Hover any bar for the group's size.

MaleFemale
0%2%2%4%4%0-4 male: 30,070 (2.2%)0-4 female: 28,256 (2.1%)0-45-9 male: 37,511 (2.8%)5-9 female: 35,094 (2.6%)10-14 male: 37,975 (2.8%)10-14 female: 36,139 (2.7%)10-1415-19 male: 39,919 (3.0%)15-19 female: 37,798 (2.8%)20-24 male: 33,437 (2.5%)20-24 female: 31,884 (2.4%)20-2425-29 male: 32,999 (2.5%)25-29 female: 31,189 (2.3%)30-34 male: 42,304 (3.1%)30-34 female: 38,821 (2.9%)30-3435-39 male: 54,802 (4.1%)35-39 female: 49,272 (3.7%)40-44 male: 50,822 (3.8%)40-44 female: 47,276 (3.5%)40-4445-49 male: 47,726 (3.6%)45-49 female: 45,286 (3.4%)50-54 male: 46,663 (3.5%)50-54 female: 46,085 (3.4%)50-5455-59 male: 41,005 (3.1%)55-59 female: 43,664 (3.2%)60-64 male: 39,474 (2.9%)60-64 female: 45,697 (3.4%)60-6465-69 male: 35,247 (2.6%)65-69 female: 46,821 (3.5%)70-74 male: 28,259 (2.1%)70-74 female: 44,033 (3.3%)70-7475-79 male: 19,896 (1.5%)75-79 female: 37,063 (2.8%)80-84 male: 11,573 (0.9%)80-84 female: 26,591 (2.0%)80-8485-89 male: 7,191 (0.5%)85-89 female: 21,488 (1.6%)90-94 male: 2,410 (0.2%)90-94 female: 9,095 (0.7%)90-9495-99 male: 543 (0.0%)95-99 female: 2,527 (0.2%)100+ male: 44 (0.0%)100+ female: 285 (0.0%)100+

Estonia population FAQ

What is the population of Estonia in 2026?

Estonia's population is estimated at about 1.36 million in 2026, extrapolated from the latest official figure of 1,366,475 (2025). Estonia ranks 158th in the world by population.

Is the population of Estonia growing or shrinking?

Estonia's population is shrinking by about 0.43% per year — a loss of roughly 5,866 people over the past year.

How densely populated is Estonia?

Estonia has about 32 people per square kilometre across a land area of 42,730 km².

What share of the world's population lives in Estonia?

Estonia is home to about 0.02% of the world's population.

What is Estonia's projected population in 2050?

United Nations medium-variant projections put Estonia's population at 1,174,267 in 2050, passing through 1,302,772 in 2030.

What is the median age in Estonia?

The median age in Estonia is 42.8 years (2025 estimate) — half the population is younger and half older than that.

Sources: World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0); median age and projections from UN World Population Prospects 2024. Live figures are estimates extrapolated from the latest official data — see methodology.