Poland population
Current population of Poland
36,299,906
Live estimate, extrapolated from the latest official figures
- Births today
- 143
- Deaths today
- 232
- Change today (UTC)
- −70
- World rank
- 44th of 218
- 0.44% of world population
- Population
- 36,435,861
- 2025 estimate
- Annual growth
- −0.34%
- 2025
- Density
- 120 /km²
- 2023
- Land area
- 306,270 km²
- Urban population
- 60%
- 2025
- Median age
- 42.5 yrs
- 2025 (UN WPP)
- Fertility rate
- 1.14
- births per woman, 2024
- Life expectancy
- 78.4 yrs
- 2024
- Net migration
- −330,820
- 2025
- Capital
- Warsaw
- Region
- Europe & Central Asia
Population of Poland: overview
Poland has a population of 36,435,861 according to the latest official estimates (2025), the 44th largest in the world. Poland is part of the Europe & Central Asia region and its capital is Warsaw.
The population is shrinking, declining at 0.34% per year — Poland belongs to the growing group of countries whose populations have begun to fall. That translates to a loss of roughly 123,372 people over the past year. Net emigration — about 330,820 people in 2025 — compounds the decline.
Population density is moderate — about 120 people per km², spread across 306,270 km² of land. A slim urban majority has emerged, with 60% of people living in cities.
The population is maturing, with a median age of 42.5 years. At 1.14 children per woman, fertility is among the lowest recorded anywhere. Life expectancy at birth is 78.4 years (2024).
UN projections (medium variant) see Poland peaking in the coming decades before starting to decline, with 32.81 million people expected by 2050.
Poland population, 1960–2025 and projections
| Year | Population | Growth rate | Annual change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 36,435,861 | −0.34% | −123,372 |
| 2024 | 36,559,233 | −0.35% | −128,120 |
| 2023 | 36,687,353 | −0.37% | −134,396 |
| 2022 | 36,821,749 | −0.43% | −159,810 |
| 2021 | 36,981,559 | −1.43% | −534,189 |
| 2020 | 37,515,748 | −1.19% | −449,727 |
| 2019 | 37,965,475 | −0.02% | −9,275 |
| 2018 | 37,974,750 | −0.00% | −76 |
| 2017 | 37,974,826 | +0.01% | +4,739 |
| 2016 | 37,970,087 | −0.04% | −16,325 |
| 2015 | 37,986,412 | −0.07% | −25,323 |
| 2014 | 38,011,735 | −0.07% | −28,461 |
| 2010 | 38,042,794 | −0.29% | −108,809 |
| 2005 | 38,165,445 | −0.04% | −16,777 |
| 2000 | 38,258,629 | −1.04% | −401,642 |
| 1995 | 38,594,998 | +0.14% | +52,346 |
| 1990 | 38,110,782 | +0.39% | +149,253 |
| 1985 | 37,201,885 | +0.80% | +297,751 |
| 1980 | 35,574,150 | +0.92% | +326,933 |
| 1975 | 34,015,199 | +0.99% | +336,300 |
| 1970 | 32,664,300 | +0.36% | +116,000 |
| 1965 | 31,444,950 | +0.98% | +305,500 |
| 1960 | 29,637,450 | – | – |
Recent years annually, earlier years at five-year steps. Annual change compares against the immediately preceding year.
Poland population forecast
United Nations World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant.
| Year | Projected population | vs today |
|---|---|---|
| 2030 | 37,198,543 | +2.1% |
| 2050 | 32,814,096 | −9.9% |
Poland population pyramid (2025)
Age and sex structure from UN World Population Prospects 2024: 14.5% of Poland's population is under 15, 64.8% is of working age (15–64), and 20.8% is 65 or older. Hover any bar for the group's size.
Poland population FAQ
What is the population of Poland in 2026?
Poland's population is estimated at about 36.3 million in 2026, extrapolated from the latest official figure of 36,435,861 (2025). Poland ranks 44th in the world by population.
Is the population of Poland growing or shrinking?
Poland's population is shrinking by about 0.34% per year — a loss of roughly 123,372 people over the past year.
How densely populated is Poland?
Poland has about 120 people per square kilometre across a land area of 306,270 km².
What share of the world's population lives in Poland?
Poland is home to about 0.44% of the world's population.
What is Poland's projected population in 2050?
United Nations medium-variant projections put Poland's population at 32,814,096 in 2050, passing through 37,198,543 in 2030.
What is the median age in Poland?
The median age in Poland is 42.5 years (2025 estimate) — half the population is younger and half older than that.
Sources: World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0); median age and projections from UN World Population Prospects 2024. Live figures are estimates extrapolated from the latest official data — see methodology.