PopulationTracker

Mongolia population

Current population of Mongolia

3,618,066

Live estimate, extrapolated from the latest official figures

Births today
34
Deaths today
11
Change today (UTC)
+25
World rank
133rd of 218
0.04% of world population
Population
3,568,978
2025 estimate
Annual growth
+1.25%
2025
Density
2.2 /km²
2023
Land area
1,558,500 km²
Urban population
71%
2025
Median age
26.9 yrs
2025 (UN WPP)
Fertility rate
2.50
births per woman, 2024
Life expectancy
72.4 yrs
2024
Net migration
+79
2025
Capital
Ulaanbaatar
Region
East Asia & Pacific

Population of Mongolia: overview

Mongolia has a population of 3,568,978 according to the latest official estimates (2025), the 133rd largest in the world. Mongolia is part of the East Asia & Pacific region and its capital is Ulaanbaatar.

The population is growing steadily, at 1.25% per year. In absolute terms that meant roughly 44,190 additional people over the past year.

With roughly 2.2 people per km², Mongolia is among the emptiest inhabited places in the world, spread across 1,558,500 km² of land. Most residents — 71% — live in urban areas.

The population is young, with a median age of 26.9 years. The fertility rate of 2.50 children per woman sits above the replacement level of 2.1. Life expectancy at birth is 72.4 years (2024).

The UN projects strong growth ahead: 4.5 million people by 2050, about 26% more than today. The 2030 projection is 3,705,231.

Mongolia population, 1960–2025 and projections

01M2M3M4M5M19601980200020202040projected2025: 3.57M1960: 977,5951961: 1,009,2841962: 1,041,4441963: 1,071,3621964: 1,100,2341965: 1,131,1771966: 1,163,7541967: 1,196,9961968: 1,229,9301969: 1,262,2841970: 1,295,2721971: 1,330,0711972: 1,366,8211973: 1,405,5021974: 1,446,0501975: 1,488,2961976: 1,531,9451977: 1,576,2451978: 1,619,4681979: 1,660,6591980: 1,701,3351981: 1,742,8571982: 1,785,3641983: 1,829,0921984: 1,874,3491985: 1,921,5141986: 1,970,9651987: 2,022,8001988: 2,076,3221989: 2,124,1851990: 2,098,7101991: 2,165,3421992: 2,167,7901993: 2,165,1301994: 2,189,3951995: 2,224,9451996: 2,259,5071997: 2,291,7501998: 2,323,8091999: 2,356,8132000: 2,388,2992001: 2,417,7512002: 2,449,0272003: 2,480,3742004: 2,508,4122005: 2,536,4072006: 2,567,1682007: 2,601,8502008: 2,643,2012009: 2,691,1152010: 2,738,6222011: 2,786,3172012: 2,839,7052013: 2,899,0112014: 2,963,1132015: 3,026,8642016: 3,088,8562017: 3,148,9172018: 3,208,1892019: 3,267,6732020: 3,327,2042021: 3,383,7412022: 3,433,7482023: 3,481,1452024: 3,524,7882025: 3,568,9782030: 3,705,2312050: 4,501,493
Population of Mongolia by year
YearPopulationGrowth rateAnnual change
20253,568,978+1.25%+44,190
20243,524,788+1.25%+43,643
20233,481,145+1.37%+47,397
20223,433,748+1.47%+50,007
20213,383,741+1.69%+56,537
20203,327,204+1.81%+59,531
20193,267,673+1.84%+59,484
20183,208,189+1.86%+59,272
20173,148,917+1.93%+60,061
20163,088,856+2.03%+61,992
20153,026,864+2.13%+63,751
20142,963,113+2.19%+64,102
20102,738,622+1.75%+47,507
20052,536,407+1.11%+27,995
20002,388,299+1.33%+31,486
19952,224,945+1.61%+35,550
19902,098,710−1.21%−25,475
19851,921,514+2.49%+47,165
19801,701,335+2.42%+40,676
19751,488,296+2.88%+42,246
19701,295,272+2.58%+32,988
19651,131,177+2.77%+30,943
1960977,595––

Recent years annually, earlier years at five-year steps. Annual change compares against the immediately preceding year.

Mongolia population forecast

United Nations World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant.

Projected population of Mongolia
YearProjected populationvs today
20303,705,231+3.8%
20504,501,493+26.1%

Mongolia population pyramid (2025)

Age and sex structure from UN World Population Prospects 2024: 31.6% of Mongolia's population is under 15, 63.0% is of working age (15–64), and 5.4% is 65 or older. Hover any bar for the group's size.

MaleFemale
0%2%2%4%4%6%6%0-4 male: 168,060 (4.8%)0-4 female: 161,180 (4.6%)0-45-9 male: 199,210 (5.7%)5-9 female: 188,522 (5.4%)10-14 male: 203,135 (5.8%)10-14 female: 189,898 (5.4%)10-1415-19 male: 153,469 (4.4%)15-19 female: 143,643 (4.1%)20-24 male: 113,684 (3.2%)20-24 female: 106,228 (3.0%)20-2425-29 male: 117,620 (3.3%)25-29 female: 111,709 (3.2%)30-34 male: 130,255 (3.7%)30-34 female: 124,023 (3.5%)30-3435-39 male: 146,917 (4.2%)35-39 female: 142,434 (4.0%)40-44 male: 121,552 (3.5%)40-44 female: 119,978 (3.4%)40-4445-49 male: 105,830 (3.0%)45-49 female: 107,007 (3.0%)50-54 male: 89,417 (2.5%)50-54 female: 95,986 (2.7%)50-5455-59 male: 71,997 (2.0%)55-59 female: 84,537 (2.4%)60-64 male: 57,206 (1.6%)60-64 female: 72,590 (2.1%)60-6465-69 male: 37,400 (1.1%)65-69 female: 53,241 (1.5%)70-74 male: 18,291 (0.5%)70-74 female: 28,983 (0.8%)70-7475-79 male: 9,672 (0.3%)75-79 female: 17,156 (0.5%)80-84 male: 5,709 (0.2%)80-84 female: 10,294 (0.3%)80-8485-89 male: 2,369 (0.1%)85-89 female: 4,893 (0.1%)90-94 male: 645 (0.0%)90-94 female: 1,853 (0.1%)90-9495-99 male: 107 (0.0%)95-99 female: 363 (0.0%)100+ male: 8 (0.0%)100+ female: 34 (0.0%)100+

Mongolia population FAQ

What is the population of Mongolia in 2026?

Mongolia's population is estimated at about 3.62 million in 2026, extrapolated from the latest official figure of 3,568,978 (2025). Mongolia ranks 133rd in the world by population.

Is the population of Mongolia growing or shrinking?

Mongolia's population is growing at about 1.25% per year, an increase of roughly 44,190 people over the past year.

How densely populated is Mongolia?

Mongolia has about 2 people per square kilometre across a land area of 1,558,500 km².

What share of the world's population lives in Mongolia?

Mongolia is home to about 0.04% of the world's population.

What is Mongolia's projected population in 2050?

United Nations medium-variant projections put Mongolia's population at 4,501,493 in 2050, passing through 3,705,231 in 2030.

What is the median age in Mongolia?

The median age in Mongolia is 26.9 years (2025 estimate) — half the population is younger and half older than that.

Sources: World Bank Open Data (CC BY-4.0); median age and projections from UN World Population Prospects 2024. Live figures are estimates extrapolated from the latest official data — see methodology.